PTGS2 and bacterial infectious disease: COX-2 inhibition during bacterial infection can be a double-edged sword: COX-2 inhibition may benefit the host defense by increasing ROS and nitric oxide (NO) production and regulating inflammatory cytokines expression (Serezani et al., 2007; Goldmann et al., 2010; Agard et al., 2013), while on the other hand, COX-2 inhibition may suppress bacterial clearance through inhibiting autophagy (Xiong et al., 2018).