HK1 and rheumatoid arthritis: High concentrations of glucose have also been shown to increase IL-1β secretion from RA monocytes through an NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)/inflammasome-dependent mechanism (Ruscitti et al., 2015) and the glycolytic enzyme HK1 is known to drive cleavage and activation of pro–IL-1β in macrophages (Moon et al., 2015).