ST8SIA1 and melanoma: As summarized in Fig. 1G (four main melanoma ganglioside biosynthesis following the official recent nomenclature) (Neelamegham et al., 2019; Varki et al., 2015), we observed that all four enzymes (described above) involved in ganglioside synthesis were expressed variably in the metastatic melanoma cell lines, but only ST8SIA1 expression was elevated in MBM cells, suggesting the mechanistic role in increasing GD3 expression levels.