This discrepancy can be also explained by changes in the autoimmune response to Hsp70 caused by the active immunization procedure, ranging from a pro-inflammatory phenotype to a more tolerogenic functional phenotype, as it has been already described in the context of RA therapy by using an Hsp40-derived dnaJP1 peptide (Koffeman et al. 2009). The gene discussed is HSPA1A; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.