Analysis of serum samples further showed elevated soluble MD2 (Supplementary Fig. 28c), inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 (Supplementary Fig. 28d–e), and MD2-AGE complexes (Fig. 7i) in diabetic subjects with DCM and without cardiomyopathy, compared with healthy samples. Here, IL6 is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.