To date, 129 different mutations of AIRE gene have been identified in patients with APS-1 from various countries, predominantly in some genetically isolated populations such as Iranian Jews (1:9000),[3] Sardinians (1:14,400),[4] and Finns (1:25,000),[5] while scarce in East Asians. Here, AIRE is linked to autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.