SIRT1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: It has been shown that many risk factors for CVD such as hypercholesterolaemia, obesity, and T2DM are conditions in which the activation of the sirtuins had shown to have protective effects in experimental models.[16] Sirtuins are the class III histone deacetylases, which are widely distributed in the body and regulate physiopathological processes, such as inflammation and have cardioprotective effects.[16,17] The best characterized and well-studied among the human sirtuins is sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) which has anti-inflammatory functions in macrophages and endothelial cells.