IL17A and HIV infectious disease: Moreover, women showed more impressive alterations in the gut mucosal T-cell repertoire, especially in the Th1, Th17, and Th1/Th17 cell subsets with central or effector memory phenotype, compared to blood district than their men counterpart. Functionally, these female-specific cell subset alterations might explain gender differences described in clinical presentation and outcomes of HIV infection [26, 27] and confirm previous observations showing that IL-17–expressing T-cell subset frequencies in PBMC differ from those found in the gut [27, 28].