TNF and Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen [37] has also been examined in SCA3/MJD models and shown to improve neuropathology and motor coordination concomitant with reductions in the neuroinflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and phosphorylated IKB-α.