Macrophage colony-stimulating factor activates the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, which plays a pivotal role in many aspects related to the tumor microenvironment.35 According to Van et al, differences in the M-CSF receptor signal transduction regulate monocyte maturation and macrophage polarization in the tumor microenvironment.36 We speculate that the abnormal expression of M-CSF in cervical cancer may be correlated with the regulation of the tumor microenvironment, but the specific mechanism has not been explored in this study. The gene discussed is CSF1; the disease is neoplasm.