Macrophage colony-stimulating factor activates the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, which plays a pivotal role in many aspects related to the tumor microenvironment.35 According to Van et al, differences in the M-CSF receptor signal transduction regulate monocyte maturation and macrophage polarization in the tumor microenvironment.36 We speculate that the abnormal expression of M-CSF in cervical cancer may be correlated with the regulation of the tumor microenvironment, but the specific mechanism has not been explored in this study. This evidence concerns the gene CSF1R and neoplasm.