In the past two decades, there have been several reports on the roles of ERα in NSCLC progression (Albain et al., 1991; Brueckl et al., 2013; Ganti et al., 2006; Kawai et al., 2005; Moore et al., 2003; Raso et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.