In addition, both centrally and locally produced pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), various interleukins (IL-6 and IL-1β) as well as other cytokines under control of the master regulator nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) are increased in people with DKD. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and diabetic kidney disease.