Specifically, several critical immune checkpoints, such as PD‐1/PD‐L2, galectin‐9/T‐cell immunoglobulin mucin‐3 and ICOS/ICOSL, on both MM and immune effector cells and a number of activated PD‐1+ CD8 T cells lacking CD28 were distinguished in MM patients, and they serve as novel targets for developing more potent and efficacious checkpoint blockade‐based MM immunotherapeutic strategies. This evidence concerns the gene CD28 and Miyoshi myopathy.