SPTB and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Among the NAFLD subjects, sTBAs were significantly higher in subjects with sPTB (11.57 ± 24.06 μM, n = 85; p = 10−4) and iPTB (11.99 ± 20.68 μM, n = 132; p = 2.8 × 10−7) than in the FTB subjects (6.53 ± 10.28 μM, n = 1337) (Supplementary Fig. 3c).