The described divergence of TLR-4 signaling could be linked with ligand properties and downsignaling; TBK-1 seems to be an explanation, which is an element of the TLR-4–MyD88-independent pathway, and activation may also be signaled through the MyD88-dependent pathway, as it occurs in hepatocellular cancer [160,165]. Here, MYD88 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.