MMP9 and cancer: In this context, fucoidan of S. hemiphyllum, increases the miR-29 family expression that suppresses DNMT3B expression, which results in the upregulation of the tumor suppressor gene MTSS1. This fucoidan also downregulates TGF-β signaling, increases E-cadherin expression, decreases N-cadherin, ADAM12, and PTEN expression, and finally prevents ECM degradation by overexpressing TIMP-1 and reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase enzymes MMP2 and MMP9, secreted by cancer cells to degrade ECM and induce cell migration [36,37].