PGD and cancer: Nrf2 overactivation is observed more often in cancer cells than in nontumorgenic cells, it results in the markedly elevated expression of G6PD, transketolase (TKT), phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), and other metabolic enzymes that lead to the metabolism of glucose and glutamine through the PPP and enhance the production of purine and amino acids, all of which lead to metabolic rewiring [152].