CCL5 and Granuloma: The 2 SNP alleles in CCL5 that were significantly associated with mycetoma had opposite functional effects: the G-allele at SNP rs2280788 results in a higher CCL5 transcription, whilst the C-allele in the other SNP, rs280789, is associated with diminished transcription of CCL5. Consequently, the exact role of CCL5 in mycetoma granuloma formation remains to be elucidated.