It has been recently shown that patient-derived spheroids, composed of NF1+/- Schwann cells alone (Schwannoma) or cocultured with NF1+/- fibroblast cells, inoculated within tissue-engineered 3D skin substitutes, led to the formation of cNF with histopathological characteristics reminiscent of native tumors [174]. The gene discussed is NF1; the disease is schwannoma.