RALGPS2 and cancer: Actin and its associated proteins (myosin, Ral-A, RalGPS2, filamin M-Sec, and Cdc42) as well as vimentin play an important role in the formation of TNTs in various cancer cell models including PC12 cells [30], Hela cells [31, 32], urothelial carcinoma-derived 5637 cancer cells [33], HBEC-3 cells (nontumorigenic) and A549 cells [11], and human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS) [34].