↘ Angiogenesis and tumor growth (melanoma, glioblastoma, colorectal and lung cancer, squamous cell carcinomas) (25)↘ FAK/c-Raf/MEK-1/2/ERK-1/2/p38 MAPK pathways in EC↗ EC apoptosis through bcl-xl/bax ratio modulation (25). Here, MAPK3 is linked to lung carcinoma.