IFNG and hepatocellular carcinoma: In this study, in the orthotopic-mice model of HCC, YPF increased the levels of Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), decreased the levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13), and increased the Th1/Th2 ratio in tumor and adjacent tissues.