PIK3CA and lymphatic malformation: Interestingly, PIK3CA mutations have also been reported in simple vascular anomalies whose hallmarks are combined in CLVM, namely lymphatic malformation (LM) and venous malformation (VM) [18, 20, 21, 24, 25], whereas simple capillary malformations are most commonly associated with mutations in the GNAQ (G protein subunit alpha Q) gene [33–35].