Importantly, the ‘TDP + CTF’ molecular pattern (observed in some non-AD, most p-preAD and ADTDP + CTF cases) was significantly associated with typical AD symptoms, whereas the ‘TDP + FL’ molecular pattern (observed in ADTDP + FL and FTLD-TDP cases) was associated with symptoms of the FTD spectrum, especially in those ADTDP + FL cases that exhibit TDP-43 lesions in the frontal and/or temporal neocortex, i.e. representing the type α TDP-43 distribution pattern (Fig. 8). Here, TARDBP is linked to Alzheimer disease.