TG and osteoporosis: In general, consistent with prior work (8), AF (25–31), osteoporosis (32–39), and cancer (40–43) were associated with higher thyroid function that was defined by using TSH and/or thyroid hormone levels, across and beyond the reference range, and steatohepatitis (44–46) and other features of the metabolic syndrome (19,47–66) were associated with lower thyroid function.