Most non-neoplastic urothelial epithelial cells or noninvasive urothelial carcinoma cells showed no expression of PD-L1, while HER2 and IDO were generally expressed with mild to moderate intensity in a large majority of reactive urothelial cells or noninvasive intraepithelial urothelial carcinoma cells, while there was no expression of IDO in normal urothelial epithelia. This evidence concerns the gene ERBB2 and urothelial carcinoma.