CAT and infection: Owing to the great scarcity of the data on the differences in the prevalence of certain infections, oxidative stress parameters and GOX gene expression between bee colonies kept traditionally and those kept for commercial purposes, this work was aimed at the assessment of (1) oxidative stress parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), (2) GOX) gene expression and (3) endoparasite (microsporidian and trypanosomatid) prevalence in adult bees in the two types of hives.