Expression of TGFβ related genes was higher in HD-NET stimulated HD-moDCs, whereas stimulation with T1D-NETs upregulated genes involved in IFNα signaling (with involvement of genes SOCS3, PIK3R1, STAT2) (Figures 4D,E) indicating that T1D-NETs induce a loss of tolerogenicity and proinflammatory IFNα response. Here, TGFB1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.