Staining of LRP5 confirmed the abundant distribution of LRP5 in the renal tubules of non-diabetic mice, and revealed that the diabetes-induced increases of LRP5 predominantly occurred in the renal tubules of Akita, db/db, and OVE26 (type 1 diabetes) mice (Fig. 1e, Supplementary Fig.S2a). This evidence concerns the gene LRP5 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.