CASP1 and bacterial infectious disease: Furthermore, GSDMD-independent secondary necrosis appears to contribute to the clearance of bacterial infection, as it could be shown that Gsdmd−/− mice are less susceptible to infection with Francisella novicida compared with Casp1- or Aim2-deficient animals (Schneider et al, 2017; Kanneganti et al, 2018b).