A Japanese double-blind placebo-controlled randomized phase 3 trial of PEG-G-CSF in 343 breast cancer patients receiving docetaxel and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy showed that the incidence of FN was significantly lower in the PEG-G-CSF group compared to that in the placebo group (1.2% vs. 68.8%, P < 0.001) [24]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and breast carcinoma.