SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Different studies have reported that the main cause of the onset of ALS is due to mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1) [31], mutations in the FUS (fused in sarcoma) gene, which encodes a protein responsible for DNA repair and related to juvenile-onset forms of the disease or TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43), a key protein for repair pathway of DNA double-strand breaks in motor neurons and oligodendrocytes [32,33].