Feeding pregnant and lactating dams with Se-deficient chow (0.01 μg/g diet) resulted in growth retardation, as well as increased leptin levels in offspring at weaning (21 day old), whereas dietary Se exposure (0.5 μg/g diet as sodium selenite) resulted in obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, as well as low circulating leptin levels [255]. This evidence concerns the gene LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.