APOE and hydrops fetalis: Markers associated with intestinal permeability and inflammation (IL-1β, lactulose, lactulose/mannitol ratio, and ALT) are clustered together (red dashed ellipse in Figure 5b) in close proximity to the C and HF groups, indicating that feeding pure high-fat diets to conventional as well as to ApoE-/- rats increased the intestinal permeability and inflammation.