Glucocorticoids, the current treatment standard for DMD, have been found to decrease the production and secretion of selected senescence-associated secretory components in human fibroblasts, including several pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF and MCP-239, indicating the beneficial effect of glucocorticoids for DMD patients likely acts through improving the dystrophic environment40,41. Here, IL6 is linked to Duchenne muscular dystrophy.