Finally, to confirm whether absence or therapeutic blockade of E-selectin dampens pro-survival PI3K/AKT/NF-κB and/or mTOR signaling in AML blasts in vivo, BM from mice with advanced AML (>80% AML blasts) were administered either E-selectin antagonist GMI-1271, or saline vehicle control (experimental outline Fig. 6e). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and acute myeloid leukemia.