Notably, the IL6 and IL8 cytokine expression was downregulated in TAFs as compared to naive fibroblasts (Fig. 3a) that was further corroborated by the expression analysis from the cellular mRNA and from whole tumour samples supporting their frequent downregulation in adenocarcinomas (Fig. 3b, c). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and adenocarcinoma.