Outcomes related to complications of chronic hyperglycemia (advanced glycation end product formation, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, kidney function, wound healing, vascular function, immune function, etc.)and comorbidities of diabetes (body composition, waist circumference, blood lipid concentrations, blood pressure, bone integrity, C-reactive protein concentrations, incidence of the Metabolic Syndrome, mortality, etc.)were also explored. The gene discussed is CRP; the disease is retinal disorder.