BRAF and melanoma: Mutations in the v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) gene, a serine threonine kinase, are identified in ~50% of malignant melanoma cases and lead to activation of the BRAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, which regulates cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and survival [3,4].