DDIT3 and neoplasm: ER stress drives phosphorylation and activity of the transcription factor, eIF2α, leading to upregulation of p8 and of the downstream proteins, including cAMP-dependent transcription factor, ATF-4, C/EBP homologous protein, CHOP, and pseudokinase tribbles-homologue 3, TRIB3, which sensitises tumour cells to ∆9-THC treatment and leads to cell death via autophagy and apoptosis (Figure 2 and Figure 3) [116,121].