In particular, adenosine-induced cardioprotective effects are mainly mediated by adenosine A1 receptors, whose activation has been shown to protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury and to counteract several processes associated with heart failure, including arrhythmogenesis, fibrosis, apoptosis, hypertrophy and ventricular dysfunction [25,26,27]. The gene discussed is ADORA1; the disease is heart failure.