The second subtype contains a heterogenous non-proliferation class associated with higher HCV prevalence or alcohol abuse and a better clinical outcome characterized by WNT–beta–catenin pathway activation via Catenin Beta 1 (CTNNB1) mutation, Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) promotor mutation and silencing of the tumor suppressor Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) by mutation and DNA methylation (Comprehensive and Integrative Genomic Characterization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 2017). Here, CTNNB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.