PRKN and Parkinson disease: Dysfunction of Parkin-mediated mitochondrial maintenance is involved in the pathophysiological basis of a variety of diseases including PD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, and muscular atrophy (Billia et al., 2011, Hoshino et al., 2014, Kang et al., 2018, Kitada et al., 1998, Leduc-Gaudet et al., 2019, Palomo et al., 2018).