INS and atherosclerosis: In the present study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of exenatide to that of insulin for improving atherosclerosis markers (e.g., CIMT, hsCRP, fibrinogen, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]), body weight, blood pressure, glycemic control and dyslipidemia (e.g., HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose level, and lipid profile) in a randomized, open-label, controlled trial in T2DM patients.