FRK and benign neoplasm: While dogma often suggests BPH represents a benign neoplastic process, we find no evidence of somatic genomic alterations, unlike benign neoplasms like such as frequent MED12 mutations in breast fibroadenomas20,21 and uterine fibromas24 or FRK mutations in hepatocellular adenomas22, and BPH exhibited an age-related mutation signature, consistent with the higher prevalence in older patients as opposed to underlying oncogenic processes.