SCN4B and temporal lobe epilepsy: In order to test the hypothesis that SCN4B is differentially expressed in hippocampus of pharmaco-resistant TLE-HS patients and adjacent (non-epileptic) neocortex tissue (designated as temporal lobe epilepsy neocortex (TLE-NC)) [28], real-time qPCR analysis was used, and SCN4B expression was normalized to the house-keeping genes (HKGs).