BRAF and neoplasm: For example, some recent studies indicate that in progressing melanoma patients, prior BRAF inhibitor therapy reduced the efficacy of subsequent ICI therapy with nivolumab, suggesting that extended BRAF inhibitor treatment either impairs immune‐competent cells in the microenvironment or selects tumor cells capable of escaping the attack (Johnson et al., 2017; Simeone et al., 2017).