NFKB1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: In parallel to the cytokine storm, the transcription factors NF-κB and the balance between STAT3/SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 3) signaling are also present in the COPD pathogenesis through secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TNF, IL-8, IL-33, CXCL1, CXCL9, and CCL2 from bronchial epithelial cells [19, 20].