Previous studies [8] have reported that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/signal transduction protein (Smads) 3 signaling pathway can affect the formation of myocardial fibrosis by regulating transcription of extracellular matrix synthesis genes, and myocardial fibrosis is also one of the major pathological changes of HF. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is hydrops fetalis.