ZP1 and female infertility: More recently, during the preparation of this manuscript, three independent groups identified one compound heterozygous ZP1 mutation (p.G57Dfs*9 & p.I390Tfs*16), three homozygous ZP1 variants (p.Val570Met, p.Arg410Trp, p.His170Ilefs*52), and 6 novel ZP1 mutations that are tightly associated with empty follicle syndrome and female infertility (Dai, Chen, et al., 2019; Sun et al., 2019; Zhou et al., 2019).